Prospects of artificial intelligence in dentistry

摘要

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have many purposes in dentistry, including: Disease diagnosis and risk prediction Radiological imaging analysis Personal treatment advice Drug discovery and development Analysis of electronic health records Clinical decision support systems Prognosis and outcome prediction Remote monitoring and teledentistry. AI algorithms can analyze patient data, dental images, and medical history to assist dentists in diagnosing conditions and planning treatments. This can help in identifying issues such as dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental anomalies and in creating personalized treatment plans for patients.[1] AI models offer various opportunities for applications in dentistry, including: Image recognition algorithms: These algorithms can analyze dental images such as radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scans, and intraoral images to assist in the detection and analysis of dental conditions, as well as in the segmentation and measurement of dental structures. These algorithms use machine learning and deep learning techniques to analyze and interpret visual data, allowing the computer to recognize objects, patterns, and features within an image[2] Natural language processing: Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms can be used to analyze and interpret electronic health records, patient notes, and other textual data related to dental care. It also offers symptom classification, chat systems for patients, or professional support in clinical documentation[3] Machine learning algorithms: These algorithms may be used to develop personalized treatment plans, predict treatment outcomes, image analysis and interpretation, risk assessment and predictive analysis, provide evidence-based treatment recommendations, and improve clinical decision-making in dentistry[4] Robotics and automation: AI algorithms can be applied to control robotic devices for tasks such as dental surgery, tooth restoration, and other dental procedures. Robotic systems adaptable to complex anatomical variations and advanced AI algorithms are capable of multimodal patient data analysis for more precise treatment planning[5] Virtual assistants and chatbots: AI algorithms can be used to create virtual assistants and chatbots that can provide information, answer patient queries, and schedule appointments in dental practices. It was shown that the medical information in the field of orthognathic surgery provided through chatbots is high quality[6] Predictive analytics: AI algorithms can analyze large datasets to identify patterns and trends, which can help in predicting the likelihood of certain dental conditions or treatment outcomes. This can aid in preventive care and early intervention Personalized treatment planning: AI algorithms can analyze patient data to develop personalized treatment plans, recommend medications, and suggest lifestyle changes for better oral health. In clinical practice, AI is applied in three main categories: diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up. Each category can benefit from several algorithms, as briefly mentioned below. DIAGNOSIS Among all the AI applications in dentistry, diagnosis is probably the most popular application.[2] The convolutional neural network (CNN) is a deep learning algorithm well-suited for image recognition and detection.[2,3] In dentistry, various CNN models have been applied for several purposes. These models include a pretrained GoogLeNet Inception v3 CNN network[7] and multi-input deep CNN ensemble using score[8] for detecting dental caries; a pretrained deep CNN[8] and faster R-CNN model with a pretrained ResNet architecture[9,10] for identifying periodontally compromised teeth; and CNN using combined seagull optimization algorithm[11] and faster R-CNN with DenseNet121[12] for detecting oral cancer. A Bayesian-based decision support system can diagnose the need for orthodontic treatment based on orthodontics-related data input.[13] Bayesian algorithm is a class