Правовое регулирование беспилотных летательных аппаратов: российский подход и мировая практика

摘要

At the present stage of the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it becomes obvious that documents adopted by national and foreign government authorities in the field of aviation indicate that UAV flights in airspace are considered as a complete inevitability that requires understanding and legal regulation. This area becomes especially relevant in connection with the rapid pace of development of digital technologies, in particular, robotics and artificial intelligence. An effective, coordinated and approved by state regulators decision in the Russian Federation does not currently exist, despite the fact that recently adopted regulatory legal acts aimed at organizing and implementing UAV accounting. An analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation shows that the key issues of UAV use (from the conceptual apparatus to the division of responsibilities) are not properly resolved. In this regard, an urgent task is to analyze the best foreign practices in the legal regulation of the UAV application sphere in order to find the optimal compromise between the needs of private consumers, business and the state regarding the use of UAVs in their activities, and legalize the relevant mechanisms in the legislation.