People, robots, artificial intelligence: regulatory challenges

摘要

The problem of regulating the processes of development, creation and use of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) units is acute for all states engaged in the digital transformation of public relations. The article addresses two aspects of the problem: first, the choice of optimal regulatory means corresponding to the present stage of technological development;second, the dependence of legal regimes on the concept and definition of robots and units of artificial intelligence. Qualitative legal regulation is always inextricably linked to precise definitions and the definition of the subject matter of legal regulation. The article examines different approaches to defining robots and artificial intelligence, as well as articulating an author’s view of the choice of legal regimes for different types of AI and robots. The importance of and the need for ethical regulation of robotics and AI are shown in relation to the choice of regulatory instruments. Deontological regulation is considered by the authors to be the most promising and acceptable for the modern level of technology development. At the same time, it has been proved that, in modern conditions, ethical regulation in the field of AI and autonomous robotic apparatus plays the role of self-regulation and assumes the functions of various means of self-regulation.