Nanomedicines

摘要

Several new ideas on the design and manufacture of nanotechnology, including nanoscience, nanomaterials, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, and nanotoxicology, have emerged lately. Complementary disciplines that improve human life are nanotechnology, nanomedicine, and nanotoxicology. The use of nanotechnology in medicine has been described as nanomedicine in recent decades, referring to the principle of using nanotechnology for the treatment, identification, monitoring, and regulation of biological systems. The state of the COVID-19 pandemic alerts us that we constantly need versatile high-value options for urgent clinical needs, such as streamlined diagnostic instruments ideal for field use and customized therapeutics. The advent of nanomedical techniques promises to make this possible. In medicine, the possible benefits of nanotechnology are vast, ranging from innovative approaches to the design of artificial organs to nano-robotic biosensors, specific antibodies supported magnetic nanoparticles, nano-size empty virus capsids, magnetic immunoassay, medical instruments, bone grafting, and miniature drug delivery vehicles. In terms of the numerous implied benefits of nanomaterials/engineered nanomaterials, there have been growing questions about their ability to have negative impacts, contaminate the environment, and adversely affect susceptible segments of the population. That is why the field of nanotoxicology has arisen, discussing the consequences and possible hazards of particulate structures <100 nm in size, rising significantly over the past decade from long-standing pillars of well-established expertise on the fiber toxicology and virus-cell interactions. As a strategic partnership of nanotoxicology to nanomedicine, the safety assessment for medical applications is heavily focused on nano-specific toxicological principles and observations, and a multidisciplinary collaborative approach involving experts such as formulation scientists, material scientists, physicians, toxicologists, and regulatory governmental agencies. This chapter aims to provide an overview of various types of emerging nanomedicines, nanotoxicological challenges, general information concerning their safety issues, and apprehensions for clinical translation.