Meta-analysis
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Meta-analysis is a rigorous statistical methodology that systematically combines and quantitatively synthesizes results from multiple independent studies on a specific topic, producing more reliable and generalizable conclusions than any single study could provide. In robotics and AI research, meta-analyses are frequently applied to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of robotic surgical systems, rehabilitation robots, and socially assistive robots, as well as to quantify human factors like trust in automation and AI systems. Researchers pool data across dozens or hundreds of studies to calculate aggregate effect sizes, identify consistent patterns, resolve contradictory findings, and uncover variables—such as robot appearance or patient demographics—that moderate outcomes. This methodology matters enormously because robotics research often produces fragmented, small-scale findings that are difficult to interpret in isolation. By rigorously aggregating evidence, meta-analyses provide engineers, clinicians, and policymakers with high-confidence guidance for design decisions, deployment strategies, and investment priorities. They essentially transform scattered empirical evidence into actionable, evidence-based recommendations, accelerating responsible adoption of robotic and AI technologies across healthcare, rehabilitation, and human-robot interaction domains.
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A Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Trust in Human-Robot Interaction
Peter A. Hancock, Deborah R. Billings, Kristin E. Schaefer, Jessie Y. C. Chen, Ewart J. de Visser, Raja Parasuraman
Citations: 1914 • 2011
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies Reporting Urinary Continence Recovery After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Vincenzo Ficarra, Giacomo Novara, Raymond C. Rosen, Walter Artibani, Peter R. Carroll, Anthony J. Costello, Mani Menon, Francesco Montorsi, Vipul Patel, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Henk G. van der Poel, Timothy G. Wilson, Filiberto Zattoni, Alexandre Mottrie
Citations: 1294 • 2012
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies Reporting Potency Rates After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Vincenzo Ficarra, Giacomo Novara, Thomas E. Ahlering, Anthony J. Costello, James A. Eastham, Markus Graefen, Giorgio Guazzoni, Mani Menon, Alexandre Mottrie, Vipul Patel, Henk G. van der Poel, Raymond C. Rosen, Ashutosh Tewari, Timothy G. Wilson, Filiberto Zattoni, Francesco Montorsi
Citations: 781 • 2012
A Meta-Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Trust in Automation
Kristin E. Schaefer, Jessie Y. C. Chen, James L. Szalma, Peter A. Hancock
Citations: 707 • 2016
Evidence-Based Guidelines and Secondary Meta-Analysis for the Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
Felipe Fregni, Mirret M. El-Hagrassy, Kevin Pacheco‐Barrios, Sandra Carvalho, Jorge Leite, Marcel Simis, Jérôme Brunelin, Ester Miyuki Nakamura-Palacios, Paola Marangolo, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Daniel San‐Juan, Wolnei Caumo, Marom Bikson, André R. Brunoni, Alejandra Cardenas‐Rojas, Stefano Giannoni‐Luza, Judah Leao, Douglas Teixeira Leffa, Piero F. Mejia-Pando, Maria Alejandra Luna‐Cuadros, Marina Gnoatto-Medeiros, Ana Balbuena-Pareja, Roberto Mathias Machado, Mayumi Toyama, Anna Carolyna Gianlorenço, Huiyan Zeng
Citations: 592 • 2020
Socially Assistive Robots in Elderly Care: A Systematic Review into Effects and Effectiveness
Roger Bemelmans, Gert Jan Gelderblom, Pieter Jonker, Luc de Witte
Citations: 577 • 2010
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Perioperative Outcomes and Complications After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Raymond C. Rosen, Walter Artibani, Anthony J. Costello, James A. Eastham, Markus Graefen, Giorgio Guazzoni, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Hendrik Van Poppel, Filiberto Zattoni, Francesco Montorsi, Alexandre Mottrie, Timothy G. Wilson
Citations: 540 • 2012
Innovative technology-based interventions for autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis
Ouriel Grynszpan, Patrice L. Weiss, Fernando Pérez-Díaz, Eynat Gal
Citations: 522 • 2013
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Studies Reporting Oncologic Outcome After Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Giacomo Novara, Vincenzo Ficarra, Simone Mocellin, Thomas E. Ahlering, Peter R. Carroll, Markus Graefen, Giorgio Guazzoni, Mani Menon, Vipul Patel, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Ashutosh Tewari, Hendrik Van Poppel, Filiberto Zattoni, Francesco Montorsi, Alexandre Mottrie, Raymond C. Rosen, Timothy G. Wilson
Citations: 518 • 2012
The Effectiveness of Social Robots for Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies
Lihui Pu, Wendy Moyle, Cindy Jones, Michael Todorovic
Citations: 502 • 2018
Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes Between Robotic and Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ji Eun Choi, Ji Hye You, Dae Keun Kim, Koon Ho Rha, Seon Heui Lee
Citations: 407 • 2015
Effects of robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Rachele Bertani, Corrado Melegari, Maria Cristina De Cola, Alessia Bramanti, Placido Bramanti, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
Citations: 399 • 2017
Effects of robot-assisted therapy on stroke rehabilitation in upper limbs: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Nahid Norouzi-Gheidari, Philippe S. Archambault, Joyce Fung
Citations: 373 • 2012
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery for Rectal Cancer
Francesco Paolo Prete, Angela Pezzolla, Fernando Prete, Mario Testini, Rinaldo Marzaioli, Alberto Patriti, Rosa M. Jiménez-Rodríguez, Angela Gurrado, Giovanni FM Strippoli
Citations: 345 • 2017
Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Meta-Analytic Findings
Alexandra D. Kaplan, Theresa T. Kessler, J. Christopher Brill, Peter A. Hancock
Citations: 330 • 2021
Digital technology and nursing care: a scoping review on acceptance, effectiveness and efficiency studies of informal and formal care technologies
Tobias Krick, Kai Hüter, Dominik Domhoff, Annika Schmidt, Heinz Rothgang, Karin Wolf‐Ostermann
Citations: 304 • 2019
Robotic resection compared with laparoscopic rectal resection for cancer: systematic review and meta‐analysis of short‐term outcome
Stefano Trastulli, Eriberto Farinella, Roberto Cirocchi, Davide Cavaliere, Nicola Avenia, Francesco Sciannameo, N Gullà, Giuseppe Noya, Carlo Boselli
Citations: 293 • 2011
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Omar M. Aboumarzouk, Robert J. Stein, Rémi Eyraud, Georges‐Pascal Haber, Piotr Chłosta, Bhaskar Somani, Jihad Kaouk
Citations: 290 • 2012
Systematic Review of Perioperative and Quality-of-life Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Localised Renal Cancer
Steven MacLennan, Mari Imamura, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Muhammad Imran Omar, Thomas Lam, Ana M. Hilvano-Cabungcal, Pam Royle, Fiona Stewart, Graeme MacLennan, Sara MacLennan, Philipp Dahm, Steven E. Canfield, Samuel McClinton, T.R. Leyshon Griffiths, Börje Ljungberg, James N’Dow
Citations: 288 • 2012
Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learning
Tianhe Yu, Deirdre Quillen, Zhanpeng He, Ryan Julian, Avnish Narayan, Hayden Shively, Adithya Bellathur, Karol Hausman, Chelsea Finn, Sergey Levine
Citations: 282 • 2019