James C. Kaufman

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About

James C. Kaufman is a leading scholar in creativity research, with a focus on the psychology of creativity, intelligence, and personality. His most-cited work, "Are We Free?" (2008, 49 citations), explores the philosophical and psychological dimensions of free will, questioning whether it is an illusion and how it shapes human behavior. Kaufman’s major contributions include developing the Four-C Model of Creativity, which distinguishes between mini-c (personal), little-c (everyday), Pro-c (professional), and Big-C (eminent) creativity, providing a framework that has influenced educational and organizational practices. He has also co-authored seminal texts like "Creativity 101" and "The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity," which are widely used in academic curricula. With over 200 publications and more than 10,000 citations, Kaufman’s impact extends to his role as a former president of the American Psychological Association’s Division 10 (Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts). His work bridges theory and application, making creativity accessible and measurable for researchers and practitioners alike.