Artificial Intelligence in Health Care - Applications, Possible Legal Implications and Challenges of Regulation

摘要

Recent developments in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care promise to solve many of the existing global problems in improving human health care and managing global legal challenges. In addition to machine learning techniques, artificial intelligence is currently being applied in health care in other forms, such as robotic systems. However, the artificial intelligence currently used in health care is not fully autonomous, given that health care professionals make the final decision. Therefore, the most prevalent legal issues relating to the application of artificial intelligence are patient safety, impact on patient-physician relationship, physician’s responsibility, the right to privacy, data protection, intellectual property protection, lack of proper regulation, algorithmic transparency and governance of artificial intelligence empowered health care. Hence, the aim of this research is to point out the possible legal consequences and challenges of regulation and control in the application of artificial intelligence in health care. The results of this paper confirm the potential of artificial intelligence to noticeably improve patient care and advance medical research, but the shortcomings of its implementation relate to a complex legal and ethical issue that remains to be resolved. In this regard, it is necessary to achieve a broad social consensus regarding the application of artificial intelligence in health care, and adopt legal frameworks that determine the conditions for its application.