Anesthetic Management of Robotic Assisted Cardiac Surgery

摘要

In the past decade, the image of cardiac surgery has been totally changed by the evolution of a number of technologic advances, most notably the development of minimally invasive techniques, including minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), and minimal access valve surgery. But all these techniques have their limitations and did not improve overall mortality of cardiac patients comparing to the standard bypass technique.