Robotic Cholecystectomy advantages and disadvantages, a literature review

摘要

Robotic surgery is a rapidly developing and evolving surgical technique. This literature review evaluates the advantages and disadvantages in the context of gallbladder disease comparing robotic Cholecystectomy to the well-established laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Significant advantages are reduced operative blood loss, hospital stays and post operative pain, alongside increased patient satisfaction and improved visualisation and precision compared to the laparoscopic approach. Disadvantages include lack of tactile feedback, significant cost attributed to equipment, training requirements and increased procedural time due to the set-up sequences. The implementation of robotic surgery also poses significant changes for the training of future surgeons. Whilst it can standardise training and increases opportunity for simulation, the concern is the loss of traditional skills. Currently the evidence base remains mixed however the use of robotics in the right setting, with suitably trained operatives and appropriate patients can enable improved outcomes for patients with gallbladder disease. There is a lot of scope for development including the implementation of tactile feedback to aid operative technique and artificial intelligence to aid patient safety. Likely broadening the use and potential benefit of robotic surgery not only for cholecystectomy but many surgical specialities.