MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES AT THE KISHINEV SITE, MOLDOVA

摘要

Regular measurements of the direct sun radiance, sky radiance in the almucantar and principal plane, and precipitable water vapour content are carried out with the sunphotometer Cimel CE-318 at the Kishinev site, Moldova. Results obtained with the sunphotometer represent a valuable supplement to the datasets with solar radiation measurements made with the multifunctional ground based radiometric complex. Monitoring of the aerosol optical properties is fulfilled in frame of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) initiated and developed from the NASA/GSFC. Multi-years results of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measurements made at the Kishinev site, Moldova are presented. Some results obtained during the long distance smoke transport over Kishinev from the forest and peat fires occurred in the west regions of Russia in September 2002 are analyzed. Growing rate of the industry development, increasing number of the means of transport, natural and human-made hazards, such as fires, volcano eruptions, etc., exert an essential influence upon the Earth’s atmosphere modifying its structure, properties and components. The main components of such global system as atmosphere are gases and aerosol particles, respectively. Each of these components interacts specifically with the solar radiation by affecting the spectrum of radiation and total value of radiation, which reaches the Earth’s surface. It is remarkable that as early as two decades ago, gaseous components were taken into account as primarily ones in radiation transfer modeling because they are well studied. Atmospheric aerosols remain as an insufficiently known explored and very complex component of atmosphere. Aerosol particles take part in the process of radiation exchange in the atmosphere in two ways: by ‘direct’ effect, when the particles reflect back into the space the solar radiation and partially absorb it, and ‘indirect’ effect, when these particles play the role as centers of condensation in formation of the cloud structures. Mainly the complexity of such phenomenon as aerosols is due both to their diversity of the microphysical and chemical composition, and to spatial and temporal variability. These characteristics ought to be taken into account in complex models development concerning with the solar radiation transfer in real atmosphere, and modeling and analyzing of the climate variability both to a regional and global scales. Another important application consists in pollution monitoring of the atmosphere, where the questions concerning the atmospheric aerosols loading, aerosol transformation and their transport over the specific regions became actual.