Hierarchy, Human Nature, and the Participative Panacea

摘要

(Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1961), pp. 360, 363; and Keith Davis and Robert L. Blomstrom, Business and Its Environment (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966), pp. 9, 326-327. 11. Evan, op. cit., p. 179, although, as Evan points out, it took some persuasion from the public sector to curb manufacturers in forcing terms on their agencies. 12. See comments by Keith Davis and Sherwood Gordon in the communication section of the Academy of Management Journal, December 1968. 13. Ibid. 14. See Nisbet's interpretation of Weber in Richard A. Nisbet, The Sociological Tradition (New York: Basic Books, 1966), especially pp. 292300 and Julien Freund, The Sociology of Max Weber, (New York: Pantheon Books, 1968), pp. 17-24. The standard references to the other social critics cited are Ellul, op. cit., Herbert Marcuse, One Dimensional Man (Boston: Beacon Press, 1964), Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Robots, Men, and Minds (New York: George Braziller, 1967), and John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967). 15. Henry S. Kariel, The Decline of American Pluralism (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1961). 16. C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite (New York: Oxford University Press, 1957). 17. Galbraith, op. cit. 18. Marcuse, op. cit., p. 51. 19. See Scott, Management of Conflict. In my research on organizational appeal systems, I found the U.A.W. with a structure like this. Of the business firms surveyed (there are 800 respondents), I discovered just two which referred the final settlement of appeals in unilaterally granted systems to an outside arbitrator. In all the other firms with such systems, incumbent managers adjudicated disputes.