Transcatheter therapies for mitral regurgitation: A professional society overview from the american college of cardiology, the american association for thoracic surgery, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions foundation, and the society of thoracic surgeons

摘要

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has transformed the care of patients with aortic stenosis. The dissemination of this technology after its approval in the United States in the wake of a pivotal randomized trial 1, 2 has thus far proceeded in a thoughtful and circumspect manner, guided by a coalition of stakeholders dedicated to the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered care. It is anticipated that a number of transcatheter therapies for mitral regurgitation (MR) will also become available for clinical use in selected patients. As an example, the MitraClip device (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) was approved October 24, 2013, for the reduction of significant (≥3+), symptomatic, degenerative MR in highly anatomically selected patients considered by an experienced heart team to be at prohibitive risk for mitral valve surgery. Other transcatheter approaches in development include mitral annulus–based therapies, transapical neochordal implants, valve-in-valve and valve-in-annuloplasty ring therapies, and valve replacement therapies. A process similar to that adopted for TAVR is proposed to ensure that such innovative treatments are introduced into medical practice in the United States with appropriate safeguards 3. The American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), and the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) Foundation have collaborated to write this overview to set the stage for an ensuing series of documents, to be joined by other professional societies, and to address the issues critical to the appropriate integration of transcatheter MR therapies into the care of selected patients with this disorder. In accordance with the ACC's policy on relationships with industry and other entities (RWI), relevant author disclosures are included in Appendix 1 of this document. In the spirit of full disclosure, authors' comprehensive RWI information, which includes RWI not relevant to this document, is available online as a data supplement to this document (see Supplementary online material). RWI restrictions do not apply to participation in the external peer review process for clinical documents, in order to ensure that a variety of constituencies/perspectives inform the final paper. However, for purposes of full disclosure, all relevant RWI for reviewers, as well as their individual affiliations, are published in Appendix 2. Final review and approval of the document was provided by the respective boards of the 4 professional societies. These organizations are committed to providing guidance on key issues having an impact on clinical care and believe this document will help frame subsequent discussions regarding such technology as it continues to evolve. Catheter-based therapies for valvular heart disease, including balloon valvuloplasty, have been in clinical use for over 3 decades. More recently, transcatheter valve replacement technologies have dramatically altered the approach to children and adults with congenital or post-surgical pulmonic valve disease and to adults with degenerative aortic stenosis. Using the lessons learned from the release of these transformational technologies, this document seeks to highlight the critical issues surrounding adult transcatheter MR therapies to properly align the interests of all relevant stakeholders, including primary care physicians; patients and their families; proceduralists (interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons); heart valve, heart failure, and imaging experts; general and geriatric cardiologists; other heart team members; and regulators, payers, professional societies, and industry. In order to promote the expansion of this technology to allow for best patient outcomes, new guidelines and requirements for training, operator credentialing, and institutional policies will be developed. Answers to these questions are complex and influenced in large