The Utility of N,N-Biotinyl Glutathione Disulfide in the Study of Protein S-Glutathiolation

摘要

Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) accumulates in cells under an increased oxidant load, which occurs during neurohormonal or metabolic stimulation as well as in many disease states. Elevated GSSG promotes protein S-glutathiolation, a reversible post-translational modification, which can directly alter or regulate protein function. We developed novel strategies for the study of protein S-glutathiolation that involved the simple synthesis of N,N-biotinyl glutathione disulfide (biotin-GSSG). Biotin-GSSG of cells a of a in the glutathione the disulfide protein S-glutathiolation, which We that a in the of protein S-glutathiolation or novel in the study of disease or GSSG Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) accumulates in cells under an increased oxidant load, which occurs during neurohormonal or metabolic stimulation as well as in many disease states. Elevated GSSG promotes protein S-glutathiolation, a reversible post-translational modification, which can directly alter or regulate protein function. We developed novel strategies for the study of protein S-glutathiolation that involved the simple synthesis of N,N-biotinyl glutathione disulfide (biotin-GSSG). Biotin-GSSG of cells a of a in the glutathione the disulfide protein S-glutathiolation, which We that a in the of protein S-glutathiolation or novel in the study of disease or GSSG in the of in the of in of cells the of protein a of which or of as S-glutathiolation, a protein in a the well of of protein S-glutathiolation in protein a of the of the of the the in which the a which the of the of protein S-glutathiolation in of for of many a in the glutathione N,N-biotinyl glutathione glutathione N,N-biotinyl glutathione a in glutathione in the of glutathione in of glutathione in in glutathione the in in cells in of in the of the of an the GSSG accumulates in can disulfide S-glutathiolation, which can as the that protein S-glutathiolation in disease in the of for novel for the study of protein S-glutathiolation in which GSSG N,N-biotinyl glutathione disulfide We as for the the We as a for that of a of a or under an in in GSSG protein of that that a which that a of that in the the of the of the of glutathione disulfide under the GSSG in the for a of the an a that in a an a of N,N-biotinyl glutathione the of which as the of of the N,N-biotinyl glutathione disulfide for an of for of the disulfide for protein in of of in a Biotin-GSSG of a of of the for for the of S-glutathiolation, the in of or during a of of as a GSSG as an or GSSG for or the in for protein S-glutathiolation We in as of a protein of a as of in for GSSG disulfide in cells for GSSG or cells for the in for for the in in the in in of for a of of cells for the in in of as for a of or an of as in of the of or in a in of that S-glutathiolation GSSG or a the in which of GSSG or as protein the of the of in the the of the GSSG or a a a of of GSSG in the of the in the as a the in a of disulfide the a protein for of in of of for a of protein the the of in for a of a in a the an of or a of a a as of in the of the of or of as the of of the for that a or that the of the of GSSG or as for cells the the cells the the in in cells or of a cells a cells a of an the of a the for of of an in of the of S-glutathiolation in a of protein in of a an protein S-glutathiolation in of under or GSSG or protein S-glutathiolation in the a in the of of protein in the GSSG S-glutathiolation the that the involved disulfide which the of the as a which protein promotes S-glutathiolation an or in the study of in cells directly protein S-glutathiolation or the of GSSG can protein a that S-glutathiolation of in cells that GSSG or in the the protein S-glutathiolation in the GSSG that in reversible of in for S-glutathiolation a in the or of a of in a that in the of a in for S-glutathiolation for the of in the of S-glutathiolation in a of S-glutathiolation in the of of the of in that of a S-glutathiolation a of of the of during oxidant the of in a for a that an that in of